A patient on lithium presents with vomiting, coarse tremor, and drowsiness. How do you recognise and manage lithium toxicity?
- Lithium has a narrow therapeutic index: therapeutic range 0.4 - 1.0 mmol/L
- Mild toxicity (1.5 - 2.0 mmol/L): nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, coarse tremor, drowsiness
- Moderate toxicity (2.0 - 2.5 mmol/L): confusion, agitation, muscle twitching, hyperreflexia, ataxia, dysarthria
- Severe toxicity (>2.5 mmol/L): seizures, coma, renal failure, cardiac arrhythmias, death
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How to approach this Psychiatry interview question
This clinical question is common in Psychiatry NHS interviews because it reveals how you think under interview pressure, not just what facts you can recall. Use "A patient on lithium presents with vomiting, coarse tremor, and drowsiness. How do you..." as the anchor for a concise answer with a clear opening, a clinical or professional structure, and a reflective close.
What the panel is testing
A strong clinical answer sounds safe before it sounds clever. Use a structure such as initial assessment, immediate management, differential diagnosis, escalation, and reassessment. Mention guidelines only where they help the decision in front of you. For psychiatry, risk assessment, capacity, legislation, rapport, and multidisciplinary planning are usually central. Keep the answer humane, structured, and legally aware.
- Start with immediate safety, ABCDE assessment, senior support, and escalation thresholds.
- Name the likely diagnoses or risks, but show how you would keep reassessing as new information arrives.
- Close with documentation, handover, follow-up, and patient or family communication where relevant.
How to structure your answer
For a clinical prompt, aim for a short opening sentence, then two or three evidence-led points, then a final reflection. If you use STAR, keep the result and reflection as strong as the situation. If it is a clinical scenario, say what you would do now, what you would do next, and how you would keep the patient safe while help is coming.
- Open by naming the main issue in the question.
- Give a structured response rather than a memorised script.
- End with escalation, documentation, learning, or follow-up.
Common mistakes to avoid
The weakest answers usually stay too vague, ignore the specific role, or miss the safety issue hidden in the question. Do not use this page to memorise a perfect paragraph. Use it to rehearse the shape of a safe answer, then adapt it to your own experience and the post you are applying for.
- Lithium has a narrow therapeutic index: therapeutic range 0.4 - 1.0 mmol/L
- Mild toxicity (1.5 - 2.0 mmol/L): nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, coarse tremor, drowsiness
- Moderate toxicity (2.0 - 2.5 mmol/L): confusion, agitation, muscle twitching, hyperreflexia, ataxia, dysarthria